Large Language Models (LLMs) have transformed natural language processing, offering user modeling and personalization opportunities. However, effectively integrating user interaction data is challenging. Such data, encompassing various digital engagements, provides valuable insights but is often complex and noisy. Directly fine-tuning LLMs with interaction histories faces hurdles like sparse data, multimodal interactions, and lengthy sequences. Overcoming these challenges is crucial for enhancing personalized language-based services.
Existing methods, like direct finetuning of LLMs on user interaction data, show promise in powering various NLP tasks and enhancing user modeling. However, they face challenges due to the complexity and noise inherent in user interaction data. Issues include sparse data points, multimodal interactions, and difficulty identifying relevant patterns. Also, these methods need help understanding context and latent user intent, especially in lengthy interaction histories, posing computational limitations.
The researchers from Google research have proposed USER-LLM, a framework integrating user embeddings with LLMs to adapt dynamically to user context. User embeddings, distilled from diverse interactions via self-supervised pretraining, capture evolving user preferences. Phase one involves pretraining a Transformer-based encoder on interaction data to generate high-quality embeddings. Phase two integrates these embeddings with LLMs during finetuning using cross-attention, enabling dynamic context injection and handling multimodal data effectively, similar to Flamingo’s approach.
The USER-LLM framework involves two stages: embedding generation and LLM contextualization. In the embedding generation, a Transformer-based encoder creates user embeddings from multimodal interaction data, utilizing autoregressive design. These embeddings serve as user context for LLMs, enabling personalized response generation. LLM contextualization involves integrating user embeddings with LLMs using cross-attention. This approach offers efficiency gains by leveraging pre-trained weights and condensing user activities into dense representations, enhancing inference efficiency. Also, it employs perceiver units to further optimize inference efficiency by compressing user embeddings and distilling insights from noisy contexts.
USER-LLM evaluated our approach on three widely recognized datasets: MovieLens20M, Google Local Review, and Amazon Review. These datasets feature diverse interaction features such as movie names, genres, ratings, and reviews. Compared to baselines including Dual Encoder and Bert4Rec, USER-LLM demonstrated superior performance across tasks like next item prediction, favorite genre/category prediction, and multimodal review generation. It outperformed text-prompt-based methods, showcasing its effectiveness in understanding user intent and preferences from interaction data. USER-LLM also showed parameter efficiency by achieving competitive task accuracy with fewer tuned parameters and offered inference efficiency by condensing event information into dense representations, leading to faster inference speeds.
To conclude, the researchers from Google Research present USER-LLM to contextualize LLMs using user embeddings extracted from diverse interactions. Through cross-attention and soft-prompt mechanisms, USER-LLM enables LLMs to adapt dynamically to user contexts, leading to significant performance improvements across various tasks. Its competitive performance, computational efficiency, and ability to preserve LLM knowledge make it promising for real-world user understanding applications, particularly in handling long sequences and deep user understanding.
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The post Google AI Proposes USER-LLM: A Novel Artificial Intelligence Framework that Leverages User Embeddings to Contextualize LLMs appeared first on MarkTechPost.
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